Baobab fruit powder

Prebiotic

  1. Foltz M, Zahradnik AC, Van den Abbeele P, Ghyselinck J, Marzorati M. A Pectin-Rich, Baobab Fruit Pulp Powder Exerts Prebiotic Potential on the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro. Microorganisms. 2021;9(9):1981. Published 2021 Sep 17.

  2. Manfredini S. (2002) The Health Properties of Baobab (Adansonia Digitata), University of Ferrara.

  3. Shizo Kitano and Matsuo Zenko. Use of baobab powder as a source of pectin in the synthesis of high quality jams. Laboratory of food Biosynthesis. Global Journal of Food Science and Technology. Vol.5 (1), pp 210-217, Jan 2017.

  4. Suliman HM, Osman B, Abdoon IH, Saad AM, Khalid H. Ameliorative activity of Adansonia digitata fruit on high sugar/high fat diet-simulated Metabolic Syndrome model in male Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 May.

Antioxidant

  1. Braca A, Sinisgalli C, De Leo M, Muscatello B, Cioni PL, Milella L, Ostuni A, Giani S, Sanogo R. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) from Mali, as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds. Molecules. 2018 Nov 27;23(12):3104.

  2. Nour AA, Magboul BI & Kheiri NH (1980) Chemical composition of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L). Trop Sci 22, 383-388.

  3. Ismail BB, Pu Y, Guo M, Ma X, Liu D. LC-MS/QTOF identification of phytochemicals and the effects of solvents on phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp. Food Chem. 2019 Mar 30;277:279-288.

  4. Ismail BB, Guo M, Pu Y, Wang W, Ye X, Liu D. Valorization of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seeds by ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenolics. Optimization and comparison with conventional methods. Ultrason Sonochem. 2019 Apr;52:257-267.

Low Glycemic

  1. Coe SA, Clegg M, Armengol M, Ryan L. The polyphenol-rich baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.) reduces starch digestion and glycemic response in humans. Nutr.Res. 2013 Nov;33(11):888-96. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.08.002. E pub 2013 Sep 9. PMID: 24176228.

  2. Osman. Chemical and Nutrient Analysis of Baobab (Adansonia digitata). Fruit and Seed Protein Solubility. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (2004) 59: 29-33.

  3. P S, Zinjarde SS, Bhargava SY, Kumar AR. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plants. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011 Jan 20;11:5. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-5. PMID: 21251279; PMCID: PMC3037352

Anti diabetic

  1. Ismail BB, Liu D, Pu Y, He Q, Guo M. High-intensity ultrasound processing of baobab fruit pulp: Effect on quality, bioactive compounds, and inhibitory potential on the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Food Chem. 2021 Nov 1;361:130144. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130144. Epub 2021 May 18. PMID: 34082387.

  2. Braca A, Sinisgalli C, De Leo M, Muscatello B, Cioni PL, Milella L, Ostuni A, Giani S, Sanogo R. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) from Mali, as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds. Molecules. 2018 Nov 27;23(12):3104. doi: 10.3390/molecules23123104. PMID: 30486448; PMCID: PMC6321735.

  3. Mohammed MA, Attia HN, El-Gengaihi SE, Maklad YA, Ahmed KA, Kachlicki P. Comprehensive metabolomic, lipidomic and pathological profiles of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp extracts in diabetic rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021 Jul 15;201:114139. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114139. Epub 2021 May 11. PMID: 34000580.

  4. Song, S.; Abubaker, M.A.; Akhtar, M.; Elimam, A.M.; Zhu, X.; Zhang, J. Chemical Characterization Analysis, Antioxidants, and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Two Novel Acidic Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Isolated from Baobab Fruits. Foods 2024, 13, 912. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060912

  5. Silva, M.L., Rita, K., Bernardo, M.A., Mesquita, M.F.D., Pintão, A.M. and Moncada, M., 2023. Adansonia digitata L.(Baobab) bioactive compounds, biological activities, and the potential effect on glycemia: a narrative review. Nutrients, 15(9), p.2170.

  6. Rita K, Bernardo MA, Silva ML, Brito J, Mesquita MF, Pintão AM, Moncada M. Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab Fruit) Effect on Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(2):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020398

  7. Salih, D., Alnajar, H., Hussein, D. (2024). 'Impact of Baobab Consumption on Some Biochemical Alterations in Male Diabetic Rats', Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 55(1), pp. 147-156. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2023.228137.1557

  8. Keyla Rita, Margarida Moncada, Ana Pintão, Alexandra Bernardo, Leonor Silva & Fernanda Mesquita (2019) Effect of Adansonia digitata L. fruit on postprandial glycaemia in non-diabetic adults, Annals of Medicine, 51:sup1, 159, DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1562004

  9. Ismail, B.B., Guo, M., Pu, Y., Çavuş, O., Ayub, K.A., Watharkar, R.B., Ding, T., Chen, J. and Liu, D., 2021. Investigating the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the stability, bioaccessibility, and biological activities of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit polyphenolics. LWT, 145, p.111348.

Hypolipidemic

  1. Nafisa A,A, Abdelgadir .Hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extracts of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp on hyperlipidemic albino rats. The Journal of phytopharmacology 2019; 8(6): 279-281

  2. Liman AA, Salihu A, Onyike E. Effect of Methanol Extract of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Fruit Pulp on NG-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) Induced Hypertension in Rats. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2021 May;28(3):291-300. doi: 10.1007/s40292-021-00448-8. Epub 2021 Apr 7. PMID: 33826116.

  3. Ahmed AM, Khabour OF, Yousuf A, Eweda SM, Mohammedsaeed W, Daradka HM, Hassanein SFM, Ibrahim AM. The beneficial effect of Adansonia digitata products success to modulate lipid profiles and inhibit LDL oxidation in-vitro: An associational study. Malawi Med J. 2022 Mar;34(1):25-30.

  4. Gadour, M.O., Khidir, H.B., Adam, I. and Gasim, G.I., 2017. Effects of a powder of the fruit of Adansonia digitata (Tabaldia, Gongolase, or baobab tree) on serum lipids. Journal of herbal medicine, 8, pp.14-16

  5. Althwab, S.A., Alsattame, S.M., Al-mundarij, T.I., Hamad, E.M. and Mousa, H.M., 2019. Protective effect of baobab fruit pulp (Adansonia digitata L.) from oxidative stress induced in rats by high-fat diet. Life Science Journal, 16(1), pp.63-71.

  6. Abushal, S.A., 2021. Therapeutic effects of Baobab fruit pulp (Adansonia digitata) aqueous extract on liver and cardiovascular system of high-fat diet rat model. Journal of the Saudi Society for Food and Nutrition (JSSFN), 14(1), pp.80-93.

  7. Elamin, O.F., Atti, K.A.A. and Dalia, A.M., 2019. Research Article Effect of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Pulp Powder on Serum Lipid Profile of Rats Fed High Lipid Diets.

  8. Alameen AA, Alothman MR, Al Wahibi MS, Abdullah EM, Ali R, Abdalla M, Fattiny SZA, Elsayim R. Potential Effect of Baobab’s Polyphenols as Antihyperlipidemic Agents: In Silico Study. Molecules. 2023; 28(16):6112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166112

Hepatoprotective

  1. Abeer Hanafy, Hibay M. Aldawari, Jiahn M.Badr, Amany K.Ibrahim, and El-Sayed Abdel-Hady. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Adansonia digitata exract on Acetominophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in rats. Evidence based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol 2016, Article ID 45791.

  2. A.M.Sa’id, A.H.Musa, J.A.Mashi, F.U. Maigari and M.N.Nuhu. Phytochenical Screening and Hepatoprotective potential of Aqueous Fruit Pulp Extract of Adansonia digitata against carbon tetracholride induced liver damage in rats. Asian Journal of Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3(3): 12-21, 2020

Cognition and Mood

  1. Sarah Docherty and Crystal Haskell-Ramsay. The acute effect of baobab fruit on cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow and blood glucose levels. Proceedings of Nutrition Society (2020), 79 (OCE2), E329

  2. Brycroft A., & Coe 9 (2017). The acute effect of baobab fruit ( Adansonia digitata) smoothie on cognitive function in healthy adults. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76 (OCE1),E16

  3. O.A. Patova, A.Lunda, N.M. Luanda, N.M Paderin, S.V. Popov, J.J. Makangara, S.P. Kuznetsov, E N.Kalmykova. Xylogalacturonan enroched pectin from the fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata: Structural characterization and antidepressant like effect.

Baobab leaf

Low Glycemic

  1. Dimopoulou M, Alba K, Sims IM, Kontogiorgos V. Structure and rheology of pectic polysaccharides from baobab fruit and leaves. Carbohydr Polym. 2021 Dec 1;273:118540. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118540. Epub 2021 Aug 8. PMID: 34560952.

  2. Di Lucchio LM, Fensholt R, Markussen B, Ræbild A. Leaf phenology of thirteen African origins of baobab (Adansonia digitata (L.)) as influenced by daylength and water availability. Ecol Evol. 2018 Oct 26;8(22):11261-11272. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4600. PMID: 30519442; PMCID: PMC6262930.

  3. Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Sobolev AP, Di Lorenzo A, Xiao J, Mannina L, Capitani D, Daglia M. Metabolite characterization of powdered fruits and leaves from Adansonia digitata L. (baobab): A multi-methodological approach. Food Chem. 2019 Jan 30;272:93-108. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.030. Epub 2018 Aug 9. PMID: 30309609.

  4. Cicolari S, Dacrema M, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Xiao J, Atchan Nwakiban AP, Di Giovanni C, Santarcangelo C, Magni P, Daglia M. Hydromethanolic Extracts from Adansonia digitata L. Edible Parts Positively Modulate Pathophysiological Mechanisms Related to the Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules. 2020 Jun 21;25(12):2858. doi: 10.3390/molecules25122858. PMID: 32575811; PMCID: PMC7356617.

  5. Ebaid H, Bashandy SAE, Alhazza IM, Hassan I, Al-Tamimi J. Efficacy of a Methanolic Extract of Adansonia digitata Leaf in Alleviating Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress of Diabetic Rats. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Mar 7;2019:2835152. doi: 10.1155/2019/2835152. PMID: 30984778; PMCID: PMC6431509.

  6. Zeitoun H, Michael-Jubeli R, El Khoury R, Baillet-Guffroy A, Tfayli A, Salameh D, Lteif R. Skin lightening effect of natural extracts coming from Senegal botanical biodiversity. Int J Dermatol. 2020 Feb;59(2):178-183. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14699. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31681985.

  7. BUSSON F, DENIEL P, TOURY J. Composition en acides aminés des feuilles et de la pulpe de fruit du baobab (Adansonia digitata Linn) [Amino acid composition of the leaves and fruit pulp of baobab (Adansonia digitata Linn.)]. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris). 1958 Jun 9;40(4):711-4. French. PMID: 13546894.

  8. Irondi EA, Akintunde JK, Agboola SO, Boligon AA, Athayde ML. Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitataleaves extract on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase. Food Sci Nutr. 2016 May 25;5(2):233-242. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.386. PMID: 28265358; PMCID: PMC5332274.

  9. Baky MH, Badawy MT, Bakr AF, Hegazi NM, Abdellatif A, Farag MA. Metabolome-based profiling of African baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.) using a multiplex approach of MS and NMR techniques in relation to its biological activity. RSC Adv. 2021 Dec 13;11(63):39680-39695. doi: 10.1039/d1ra08277a. PMID: 35494142; PMCID: PMC9044842

    Skin clarifying

    Zeitoun H, Michael-Jubeli R, El Khoury R, Baillet-Guffroy A, Tfayli A, Salameh D, Lteif R. Skin lightening effect of natural extracts coming from Senegal botanical biodiversity. Int J Dermatol. 2020 Feb;59(2):178-183. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14699. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31681985.

    Detoxifying

  1. Adegoke AM, Gbadegesin MA, Odunola OA. Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata Leaf Protects Against Sodium Arsenite-induced Toxicities in Male Wistar Rats. Pharmacognosy Res. 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):7-11. doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.199768. PMID: 28250647; PMCID: PMC5330107.

  2. Atuadu V, Benneth BA, Oyem J, Esom E, Mba C, Nebo K, Ezemeka G, Anibeze C. Adansonia digitata L. leaf extract attenuates lead-induced cortical histoarchitectural changes and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex of adult male Wistar rats. Drug Metab Pers Ther. 2020 Oct 21:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0116/dmdi-2020-0116.xml. doi: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0116. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33085634.

Anti-inflammatory

  1. Ayele Y, Kim JA, Park E, Kim YJ, Retta N, Dessie G, Rhee SK, Koh K, Nam KW, Kim HS. A Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata L. Leaves Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory iNOS Possibly via the Inhibition of NF-κB Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2013 Mar;21(2):146-52. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.098. PMID: 24009873; PMCID: PMC3762316.

Analgesic

  1. Mumtaz T, Rizwani GH, Shareef H. Analgesic activities of crude ethanolic extract and various fractions of Adansonia digitata L. grown at the sindh province of Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017 Sep 30(5):1657-1663.

Baobab Seed Oil

Komane, B.M., Vermaak, I., Kamatou, G.P., Summers, B. and Viljoen, A.M., 2017. Beauty in Baobab: a pilot study of the safety and efficacy of Adansonia digitata seed oil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 27, pp.1-8.

Erwa, I.Y., Ali, A.M., Khalid, E.A., Omer, A.B. and Ishag, O.A., 2019. Proximate composition, mineral elements content and physicochemical characteristics of Adansonia digitata L seed Oil. Int J Pharma Bio Sci, 10(4), pp.119-26.